{"id":24181,"date":"2024-03-04T09:53:43","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T07:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/?p=24181"},"modified":"2024-03-20T17:20:27","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T15:20:27","slug":"despre-semnificatia-cuvantului-armaghedon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/despre-semnificatia-cuvantului-armaghedon\/","title":{"rendered":"Despre semnifica\u021bia cuv\u00e2ntului Armaghedon"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen Noul Testament, \u0219i de fapt \u00een toat\u0103 Sf\u00e2nta Scriptur\u0103, acest cuv\u00e2nt apare o singur\u0103 dat\u0103, \u0219i anume \u00een Apocalipsa lui Ioan, \u00een al \u0219aisprezecelea capitol, stihul 16: \u201e\u015ei i-au str\u00e2ns la locul ce se cheam\u0103 evreie\u015fte Harmaghedon.<\/em>\u201d \u00cen stihurile precedente (13-14) din acela\u0219i capitol se vorbe\u0219te de trei duhuri necurate, ca ni\u0219te broa\u0219te, ce au ie\u0219it din gura balaurului, din gura fiarei \u0219i din gura prorocului minciunos, \u0219i \u201ecare se duc la \u00eemp\u0103ra\u021bii lumii \u00eentregi, s\u0103-i adune la r\u0103zboiul zilei celei mari a lui Dumnezeu, Atot\u021biitorul<\/em>\u201d. Astfel s-a ajuns ca Armaghedonul apocaliptic s\u0103 reprezinte locul adun\u0103rii \u0219i locul marii b\u0103t\u0103lii eshatologice, fiind adeseori asociat \u00een cultura contemporan\u0103 cu sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen stihul al 15-lea, care precede pe cel \u00een care se afl\u0103 denumirea cercetat\u0103, apare ca o intruziune, la prima vedere rupt\u0103 din context: \u201eIat\u0103, vin ca un fur. Fericit este cel ce privegheaz\u0103 \u015fi p\u0103streaz\u0103 ve\u015fmintele sale, ca s\u0103 nu umble gol \u015fi s\u0103 se vad\u0103 ru\u015finea lui!<\/em>\u201d \u0421are desigur ne duce cu g\u00e2ndul la Parabola nun\u021bii fiului de \u00eemp\u0103rat (Matei 22:11-12), care la fel este interpretat\u0103 \u00een sensul eshatologic (sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii dar \u0219i vie\u021bii omului este deseori comparat cu o nunt\u0103, Mirele fiind Hristos, iar Biserica, respectiv sufletul, reprezint\u0103 Mireasa; balada \u201eMiori\u021ba\u201d av\u00e2nd \u0219i ea un asemenea motiv). Iar venirea ca un fur indic\u0103 o instantaneitate, adic\u0103 o venire pe nea\u0219teptate.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201e…Veni-va st\u0103p\u00e2nul slugii aceleia \u00een ziua c\u00e2nd nu se a\u015fteapt\u0103 \u015fi \u00een ceasul pe care nu-l cunoa\u015fte, \u015ei o va t\u0103ia \u00een dou\u0103<\/strong> (<\/em>\u03b4\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9), \u0219i partea ei va fi pus\u0103 cu f\u0103\u0163arnicii. Acolo va fi pl\u00e2ngerea \u015fi scr\u00e2\u015fnirea din\u0163ilor.<\/em>\u201d (Matei 24:50-51) (subl. m.)<\/p>\n

Al 15-lea stih Protoiereul Oleg Steneaev comenteaz\u0103<\/em><\/strong><\/a> a\u0219a: \u201eE ca un apel militar. Citim despre aceste duhuri sc\u00e2rboase c\u00e2nd deodat\u0103, ca un strig\u0103t milit\u0103resc, izbucnesc \u00een textul Apocalipsei cuvinte despre cea de-a Doua Venire a lui Hristos.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00cen originalul grec st\u0103 scris: \u1f09\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, ce se presupune a fi o transliterare din ebraica veche \u201dhar Megiddo\u201d, ce \u00eensemneaz\u0103 \u201emuntele Meghido\u201d. \u0218i care astfel a fost legat de anticul ora\u0219 Meghido, un punct strategic, \u00een preajma c\u0103ruia au avut loc mai multe b\u0103t\u0103lii importante descrise \u00een Vechiul Testament. Aflat la poalele mun\u021bilor Carmelului str\u0103juia o trecere important\u0103 prin ace\u0219ti mun\u021bi. De\u0219i nic\u0103ieri, \u00een afar\u0103 de Revela\u021bia Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan Evanghelistul, nu se zice de muntele<\/em> Meghido, c\u0103ci ora\u0219ul se afla totu\u0219i \u00eentr-o zon\u0103 de c\u00e2mpie \u0219i vale (2 Paralipomena 35:22, Zah. 12:11). La momentul actual p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-se doar un deal, \u00eentr-o rezerva\u021bie cu aceea\u0219i denumire, pe care se mai afl\u0103 careva ruine ale ora\u0219ului disp\u0103rut. Oricum ar fi, p\u00e2n\u0103-n ziua de ast\u0103zi etimologia cuv\u00e2ntului apocaliptic r\u0103m\u00e2ne obiect al discu\u021biilor.<\/p>\n

\"Ruinele<\/p>\n

La fel, este interesant\u0103 traducerea cuv\u00e2ntului f\u0103cut\u0103 de c\u0103tre Sf\u00e2ntul Andrei, Arhiepiscopul Cezareei Capodociei, autorul uneia dintre primele t\u00e2lcuiri p\u0103strate a \u00eentregii c\u0103r\u021bi a Apocalipsei lui Ioan. De\u0219i ne-au parvenit pu\u021bine date privind via\u021ba sf\u00e2ntului, aceast\u0103 lucrare inedit\u0103 a fost scris\u0103 cel mai probabil \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a secolului al VII-lea, influen\u021b\u00e2nd ulterioarele \u00eencerc\u0103ri de exegez\u0103 ale ultimei \u0219i celei mai misterioase c\u0103r\u021bi biblice.<\/p>\n

Chiar dac\u0103 nu avem la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103 originalul grecesc al lucr\u0103rii, totu\u0219i am consultat trei traduceri (dou\u0103<\/em><\/strong><\/a> \u00een rus\u0103 \u0219i una \u00een rom\u00e2n\u0103). Cuv\u00e2ntul cercetat de noi Sf\u00e2ntul Andrei \u00eel traduce prin \u201dt\u0103iere\u201d (\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em>) sau \u201eomor\u00e2re\u201d (\u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/em> sau \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435<\/em>). \u201ePentru c\u0103, adun\u00e2ndu-se acolo, popoarele se vor t\u0103ia, adic\u0103 aceea care vor avea ca voievod pe diavolul, care se va bucura de s\u00e2ngele oamenilor.<\/em>\u201d (\u201e\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044e.\u201d Vezi cap. 51).<\/p>\n

Chiar dac\u0103 Enciclopedia ortodox\u0103<\/em><\/strong><\/a> leag\u0103 prin implica\u021bie Armaghedonul de mun\u021bii Carmel, totu\u0219i nu exlude \u0219i versiunea Sf\u00e2ntului Andrei. C\u0103ci \u00een prorocirea eshatologic\u0103 a lui Zaharia (12:11) unde evreie\u0219te st\u0103 scris: \u201e\u00cen ziua aceea, va fi pl\u00e2ngere mare \u00een Ierusalim, ca pl\u00e2ngerea de la Hadad-Rimon, \u00een c\u00e2mpia <\/em>(sau valea, n. m.) Meghidonului.<\/em>\u201d Septuaginta traduce acest pasaj a\u0219a: \u201e…va fi pl\u00e2ngere \u00een Ierusalim cum e pl\u00e2ngerea dumbr\u0103vii de rodii din valea t\u0103iat\u0103 <\/em>(\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u1f77\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03ba\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u1f73\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5)\u201d. Este foarte interesant\u0103 apropierea dumbr\u0103vii de rodii de valea t\u0103iat\u0103 (adic\u0103 c\u00e2mpia Meghido). Rodia, fiind de culoare ro\u0219ie, ca s\u00e2ngele, adun\u0103<\/em> \u00een sine semin\u021bele dulci, ca pe\u0219tele icrele (simbol vechi al Bisericii).[2]<\/a> Acest stih se aseam\u0103n\u0103 ca idee cu cel din Matei 3:10, care ne spune prin gura Sf\u00e2ntului Ioan Botez\u0103torul: \u201eIat\u0103 securea st\u0103 la r\u0103d\u0103cina pomilor \u015fi tot pomul care nu face road\u0103 bun\u0103 se taie<\/strong> \u015fi se arunc\u0103 \u00een foc<\/em>\u201d. (subl. m.)<\/p>\n

Sf\u00e2ntul Chiril al Alexandriei interpreteaz\u0103<\/em><\/strong><\/a> pasajul din Zaharia prin intermediul traducerii grece\u0219ti (Septuagintei), iar Fericitul Ieronim, bun\u0103oar\u0103, se opre\u0219te la ambele variante (at\u00e2t ebraic\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i greac\u0103), sensurile celor dou\u0103 frumos complet\u00e2ndu-se.<\/p>\n

De\u0219i Ierusalimul, conform tradi\u021biei, este locul eshatologic prin excelen\u021b\u0103, totu\u0219i cuv\u00e2ntul Armaghedon ar putea s\u0103 nu indice un loc geografic precis, ci s\u0103 fie o denumire ce descrie figurat locul unei desp\u0103r\u021biri violente \u00een dou\u0103, prin t\u0103iere (ca \u00een Ioan 15:2: \u201e\u2026Orice ml\u0103di\u0163\u0103 care nu aduce road\u0103 \u00eentru Mine, El o taie…<\/em>\u201d, sau s-ar putea de apropiat \u0219i de stihul din Evrei 4:12: \u201eC\u0103ci cuv\u00e2ntul lui Dumnezeu e viu \u015fi lucr\u0103tor \u015fi mai ascu\u0163it dec\u00e2t orice sabie cu dou\u0103 t\u0103i\u015furi, \u015fi p\u0103trunde p\u00e2n\u0103 la desp\u0103r\u0163itura sufletului \u015fi duhului, dintre \u00eencheieturi \u015fi m\u0103duv\u0103, \u015fi destoinic este s\u0103 judece sim\u0163irile \u015fi cuget\u0103rile inimii.<\/em>\u201d, ba chiar \u0219i de Luca 23:45).<\/p>\n

Reprezent\u00e2nd spa\u021biul central al adun\u0103rii, pentru ultima b\u0103t\u0103lie-m\u0103cel, Armaghedon-ul ar putea fi \u00een acela\u0219i timp \u0219i locul \u201eseceri\u0219ului\u201d (Matei 3:12, 13:30), un fel de istm duhovnicesc, unde se produce \u201et\u0103ierea tainic\u0103\u201d (<\/em>\u201e\u0442\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/em>\u201d) (P. Pavel Florenski)[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Iereu Anatolie Juraveli<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen imagine la publicare: un fragment din gravura lui Albrecht Durer \u201eCei patru c\u0103l\u0103re\u021bi ai Apocalipsei\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Ca aici: \u201eIar ziua Domnului va veni ca un fur (noaptea), c\u00e2nd cerurile vor pieri cu vuiet mare, stihiile, arz\u00e2nd, se vor desface, \u015fi p\u0103m\u00e2ntul \u015fi lucrurile de pe el se vor mistui.\u201d (2 Petru 3:10).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 La fel: \u201eIar despre ani \u015fi despre vremuri, fra\u0163ilor, nu ave\u0163i nevoie s\u0103 v\u0103 scriem, c\u0103ci voi \u00een\u015fiv\u0103 \u015fti\u0163i bine c\u0103 ziua Domnului vine a\u015fa, ca un fur noaptea. Atunci c\u00e2nd vor zice: pace \u015fi lini\u015fte, atunci, f\u0103r\u0103 de veste, va veni peste ei pieirea, ca \u015fi durerile peste cea \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103, \u015fi sc\u0103pare nu vor avea. Voi \u00eens\u0103, fra\u0163ilor, nu sunte\u0163i \u00een \u00eentuneric, ca s\u0103 v\u0103 apuce ziua aceea ca un fur.\u201d (1 Tesaloniceni 5:1-4)<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Acest fruct apare frecvent men\u021bionat \u00een Vechiul Testament, fiind chiar plasat \u00een v\u00e2rful celor doi st\u00e2lpi de aram\u0103 de la intrarea \u00een Templul din Ierusalim (3 Regi 7:18, 2 Paralipomena 3:16-17). Iar \u00een C\u00e2ntarea C\u00e2nt\u0103rilor rodia \u00eenjum\u0103t\u0103\u021bit\u0103<\/em> se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu obrajii Miresei (4:3, 6:7).<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> P\u0103rintele Pavel Florenski \u201eSt\u00e2lpul \u015fi Temelia Adev\u0103rului\u201d<\/em> – Scrisoarea a opta: Gheena: \u201e<\/em>Procesul tainic al judec\u0103\u021bii dumnezeie\u0219ti este divizare, despicare, separare.\u201d (\u00cen original:\u201e<\/em>\u0422\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0411\u043e\u0436\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.\u201d<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen Noul Testament, \u0219i de fapt \u00een toat\u0103 Sf\u00e2nta Scriptur\u0103, acest cuv\u00e2nt apare o singur\u0103 dat\u0103, \u0219i anume \u00een Apocalipsa lui Ioan,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":24179,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","slim_seo":{"title":"Despre semnifica\u021bia cuv\u00e2ntului Armaghedon - traditia.md","description":"\u00cen Noul Testament, \u0219i de fapt \u00een toat\u0103 Sf\u00e2nta Scriptur\u0103, acest cuv\u00e2nt apare o singur\u0103 dat\u0103, \u0219i anume \u00een Apocalipsa lui Ioan, \u00een al \u0219aisprezecelea capitol, stihu"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1722,45,41,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anatolie-juraveli","category-bloguri","category-istorie-si-cultura","category-stiri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24181"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24181\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}