{"id":12747,"date":"2023-04-24T13:10:43","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T10:10:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/?p=12747"},"modified":"2023-04-24T13:10:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-24T10:10:43","slug":"proroc-sau-prooroc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/proroc-sau-prooroc\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eProroc\u201d sau \u201eprooroc\u201d?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00centr-un articol publicat \u00een \u201eZiarul Lumina\u201d, intitulat \u201ePiciorul teologiei academice \u0219i \u021bepu\u0219a limbii grece\u0219ti\u201d, atr\u0103geam aten\u021bia asupra insuficientei cunoa\u0219teri a limbii grece\u0219ti din partea celor care fac trimitere la aceasta din urm\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd explic\u0103 anumite componente ale limbajului bisericesc rom\u00e2nesc. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Printre erorile pe care le semnalam atunci cu titlu de exemplu se g\u0103sea \u0219i explica\u021bia gre\u0219it\u0103 a cuv\u00e2ntului \u201eprooroc\u201d \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu verbul grecesc pro-ora\u014d<\/em> (\u201ea vedea de dinainte cele ce se vor \u00eent\u00e2mpla\u201d). Vom detalia aici \u00een ce anume const\u0103 eroarea etimologic\u0103 \u0219i cum s-a ajuns la coexisten\u021ba, \u00een limba bisericeasc\u0103, dar \u0219i \u00een afara ei, a celor dou\u0103 forme \u201eproroc\u201d \u2013 \u201eprooroc\u201d, \u201ea proroci\u201d \u2013 \u201ea prooroci\u201d.<\/p>\n

Din capul locului, vom spune c\u0103 este nepotrivit s\u0103 afirm\u0103m ast\u0103zi c\u0103 doar una dintre cele dou\u0103 forme este corect\u0103, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care ele coexist\u0103 deja de mult\u0103 vreme \u00een literatura bisericeasc\u0103 (inclusiv \u00een cea muzical\u0103) sau \u00een iconografie, iar literatura nebisericeasc\u0103 abund\u0103 \u00een exemple \u0219i de o parte, \u0219i de cealalt\u0103. Ceea ce putem \u00eens\u0103 afirma este c\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 aproximativ \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a secolului al XIX-lea, forma cu trei \u201eo\u201d (sau cu doi \u201eo\u201d consecutivi), \u201eprooroc\u201d, nu exista. Probabil c\u0103 atunci va fi avut loc un fenomen de contaminare a mai vechiului \u201eproroc\u201d, de origine slav\u0103, a\u0219a cum vom ar\u0103ta mai jos, cu un cuv\u00e2nt de real\u0103 origine greceasc\u0103, ast\u0103zi arhaism, \u0219i anume \u201eprooratic\u201d (cu varianta \u201eprooratec\u201d), provenind din gr. prooratikos<\/em> (\u201ecare are capacitatea de a vedea cele viitoare\u201d), acesta din urm\u0103, spre deosebire de rom. \u201epro(o)roc\u201d, fiind cu adev\u0103rat un derivat al verbului mai sus amintit, pro-ora\u014d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Rezultatul acestei contamin\u0103ri a fost, de bun\u0103 seam\u0103, forma \u201eprooroc\u201d, care avea s\u0103 se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 at\u00e2t de mult, \u00eenc\u00e2t a ajuns s\u0103 fie folosit\u0103 \u0219i \u00een mediul literar elevat. Al\u0103turi de Negruzzi, B\u0103lcescu, Heliade-R\u0103dulescu sau Hasdeu, care folosesc forma cu trei \u201eo\u201d \u00een proz\u0103, lui V. Alecsandri aceast\u0103 form\u0103, trisilabic\u0103, chiar \u00eei este necesar\u0103 pentru a respecta ritmul iambic ales: \u201eDe-ar vrea \u00eenaltul pro-o-roc \/ […] \/ S\u0103-mi fie ziua cu noroc […]\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 contaminare nu credem c\u0103 va fi fost posibil\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 sprijinul unei etimologii false, de data aceasta \u00een spa\u021biul c\u0103rtur\u0103resc, care asocia cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eproroc\u201d cu verbul pro-ora\u014d<\/em>, etimologie r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 inclusiv \u00een unele c\u0103r\u021bi de teologie. \u00cen realitate, cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eproroc\u201d este un \u00eemprumut din slavon\u0103, unde prorok<\/em> reprezint\u0103 un calc lingvistic dup\u0103 gr. prophitis<\/em>, acela\u0219i cuv\u00e2nt care, \u00een pronun\u021bie conven\u021bional\u0103 erasmic\u0103 \u0219i prin intermediar latin \u0219i neolatin, ajunge, ca neologism, \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 sub forma \u201eprofet\u201d (\u0219i derivatele \u201eprofe\u021bie\u201d, \u201ea profe\u021bi\u201d etc.).<\/p>\n

\u00cen cuv\u00e2ntul grecesc prophitis<\/em> se distinge prepozi\u021bia-adverb pro<\/em>, av\u00e2nd \u0219i sens temporal (\u201e\u00eenainte\u201d, \u201ede dinainte\u201d), \u0219i sens locativ (\u201e\u00een fa\u021ba\u201d, \u201edinaintea\u201d), \u0219i radicalul phi (phe),<\/em> care \u00eensemna \u201ea spune\u201d, acela\u0219i pe care \u00eel reg\u0103sim, bun\u0103oar\u0103, \u00een latinescul fa-bula<\/em>. Limba slavon\u0103 a calchiat, cu mijloace lexicale proprii, structura cuv\u00e2ntului compus grecesc, \u00eentruc\u00e2t lui phi<\/em> din greac\u0103 \u00eei corespunde radicalul slavon rok\/rek<\/em> (\u201ea spune\u201d), pe care \u00eel reg\u0103sim \u00een cuvinte precum reklo<\/em> (\u201espus\u0103\u201d, \u201evorb\u0103\u201d) sau rekovati<\/em> (\u201ea vorbi\u201d). Func\u021bia principal\u0103 a prorocului biblic nu este, a\u0219a cum suntem tenta\u021bi s\u0103 credem, aceea de \u201ea prevedea\u201d viitorul – cu toate c\u0103, prin darul lui Dumnezeu, un proroc putea s\u0103 o aib\u0103 \u0219i pe aceasta -, ci, a\u0219a cum o arat\u0103 clar \u0219i cuv\u00e2ntul grecesc prophitis<\/em>, \u0219i contextele \u00een care s-au manifestat prorocii vechi-testamentari, aceea de \u201ea rosti \u00eenaintea\u201d poporului, ar\u0103t\u00e2ndu-le care este voia lui Dumnezeu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Astfel, nu este deloc dificil s\u0103 ne d\u0103m seama c\u0103 forma bisilabic\u0103, \u201eproroc\u201d, este cea original\u0103, peste care s-a suprapus cea trisilabic\u0103, \u201eprooroc\u201d<\/strong>, printr-o dubl\u0103 fals\u0103 etimologie, una popular\u0103 (prin contaminarea cu \u201eprooratic\u201d) \u0219i, mai ales, una de natur\u0103 c\u0103rtur\u0103reasc\u0103. \u00centruc\u00e2t aceasta din urm\u0103 a prins un contur de autenticitate, fiind promovat\u0103 inclusiv \u00een teologia academic\u0103, aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 suprapun\u00e2ndu-se \u0219i cu fenomenul trecerii de la scrierea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00een alfabet chirilic la grafia cu alfabet latin, o vom reg\u0103si r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 \u00een mod preponderent \u00een frescele biserice\u0219ti \u0219i, \u00een general, \u00een iconografie, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XIX-lea, inclusiv \u00een varianta abreviat\u0103 (\u201eSf. Proor.\u201d).<\/p>\n

De asemenea, edi\u021biile Sfintei Scripturi, c\u0103r\u021bile biserice\u0219ti liturgice, calendarele abund\u0103 \u00een folosirea formei trisilabice pe parcursul secolului XX. Recent \u00eens\u0103 am observat o u\u0219oar\u0103 tendin\u021b\u0103 de eliminare a formei \u201eprooroc\u201d \u0219i de promovare a formei bisilabice, \u201eproroc\u201d, at\u00e2t \u00een calendare, c\u00e2t \u0219i la nivelul presei biserice\u0219ti oficiale.<\/p>\n

Aceasta \u00eens\u0103 va coexista cu \u201eprooroc\u201d mult\u0103 vreme de acum \u00eenainte, fiindc\u0103, pe de o parte, este imposibil s\u0103 fie \u0219terse frescele biserice\u0219ti, cu care, vizual, credincio\u0219ii iau contact mai mult dec\u00e2t cu literatura bisericeasc\u0103, lato sensu<\/em>, iar pe de alt\u0103 parte, \u00een urechile credincio\u0219ilor \u0219i ale c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bilor de stran\u0103 care folosesc preponderent Anastasimatarul uniformizat<\/em>, Catavasia a IV-a din Canonul Bunei Vestiri sun\u0103 mult mai familiar \u00een varianta trisilabic\u0103: \u201eSfatul cel neurmat \u0219i dumnezeiesc al \u00centrup\u0103rii Tale cei (= celei) de sus, celei din Fecioar\u0103, Proorocul<\/em> Avacum, socotindu-l, a strigat: M\u0103rire puterii Tale, Doamne!\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Proroc_Prooroc_autorul\"Desigur, o editur\u0103, o redac\u021bie, un grup psaltic \u00ee\u0219i poate propune s\u0103 promoveze varianta restituta a cuv\u00e2ntului de origine slavon\u0103, dar trebuie s\u0103 fim con\u0219tien\u021bi c\u0103, de vreme ce forma alternativ\u0103, trisilabic\u0103, a p\u0103truns \u00een limb\u0103 la un asemenea nivel \u00eenc\u00e2t o folosesc chiar scriitori de anvergur\u0103, ar fi nedrept ca aceasta din urm\u0103, de\u0219i ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een limb\u0103 ca o form\u0103 gre\u0219it\u0103, \u00eentemeiat\u0103 pe o etimologie gre\u0219it\u0103, s\u0103 fie considerat\u0103 eronat\u0103. Dimpotriv\u0103, am putea afirma, f\u0103r\u0103 teama de a gre\u0219i, c\u0103 aceast\u0103 coexisten\u021b\u0103 \u00een limba bisericeasc\u0103 a dou\u0103 variante la fel de literare este \u00eenc\u0103 o dovad\u0103 a conven\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii limbii prin raportare la realitatea pe care aceasta o indic\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a o cuprinde<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Un articol de: Octavian Gordon <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sursa: Ziarul Lumina<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00centr-un articol publicat \u00een \u201eZiarul Lumina\u201d, intitulat \u201ePiciorul teologiei academice \u0219i \u021bepu\u0219a limbii grece\u0219ti\u201d, atr\u0103geam aten\u021bia asupra insuficientei cunoa\u0219teri a limbii grece\u0219ti…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":12750,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","slim_seo":{"title":"\u201eProroc\u201d sau \u201eprooroc\u201d? - traditia.md","description":"\u00centr-un articol publicat \u00een \u201eZiarul Lumina\u201d, intitulat \u201ePiciorul teologiei academice \u0219i \u021bepu\u0219a limbii grece\u0219ti\u201d, atr\u0103geam aten\u021bia asupra insuficientei cunoa\u0219ter"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie-si-cultura","category-stiri"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12747"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12747\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/traditia.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}